The gewog has a cool temperate climate, with altitudes ranging from 3000 to over 6000 feet above sea level.

The soil types found in the Gewog are sandy clay, clay, loam, sandy loam and clay loam. Generally, soil fertility and moisture conditions are good for cropping. The Gewog has about 142 acres of wetland, 134 acres dry land and 471 acres of pastureland.

The topography of the Gewog ranges from high Mountains and dense forest, Mochu is the main river that flows through the Gewog. It is also a Takin habitat area during winter. The agricultural landholding in the Gewog can be categorized as marginal landholding.

The gewog has a RNR centre, one each of Livestock and Agriculture Extension Centres, two ORCs, a Primary School, 18 RWSSs, 71 sanitation facilities and JDNP headquarters.

Harsh climatic condition during winter and long summer with mild rainfall are the main barrier for carrying out agriculture and socio-economic development in the Gewog. Depredation on domestic animals is another challenge for bringing out livestock development. Low population, absence of motorable road, limited land holdings are the challenges faced by the community. Goenkhamae Gewog has better cultivable land holding compared to other three Geogs of the Dzongkhag.

The alternative mode of earning livelihood at present is portage for the developmental activities and tourists during the tourist season. Construction of motorable road, which started during the 8th plan is in progress. Absence of hydroelectricity is yet another constraint faced by the people. Inaccessibility to market for any local products is a barrier that does not provide to produce for commercial purpose. Constructions of farm roads and telecommunication network, Electrification of villages and provision of support for rural livelihood programmes are some of the major programmes which the communities have included in the plan.